TALENs and CRISPR/Cas Approaches for Rice Improvement through Genome Editing

Abstract

Rice, the staple food for half of the global population, is facing major production issues because of climate
change, pest outbreaks, high usage of chemicals, and resource scarcity. Traditional breeding has improved its
yield and resistance against stress, but slow pace and limited accuracy cannot keep up the demand of food.
Genome technologies, such as TALENs, CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as high paced high precision tools
to accelerate rice productivity by enabling genome-specific edits to control the desired agronomic traits. Both
systems usage induced method of double-strand DNA breaks at the very specific genomic sites, which are then
restored by using specific. well grain quality. TALENs with tailoring DNA-binding domain are being used to
improve rice’s herbicide tolerance as weel grain quality. Advances in high-accuracy of CRISPR/Cas (Cas9 and
Cas12) have enabled the targeted development of traits, such as high climate-stress resilience and superior grain
quality of rice. Foreign DNA-free systems, such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas producing non-gmos outcomes
that align with sustainable future goals and green technology principles are more acceptable to regulators and
consumers. In agriculture, these advancements lessen reliance on chemicals, better water management, and
improve climate-resistance traits helping farmers with low-input high-output and locally adapted rice well grain
quality. TALENs with tailoring DNA-binding domain are being used. With CRISPR and TALENS, the shift to
environmentally responsible and sustainable agriculture is happening faster than ever