Barriers on Adoption of Micro Irrigation by farmers in Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Irrigation becomes crucial in modern agriculture, particularly in water-scarce regions like Tamil Nadu, India.
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana micro-irrigation scheme operated in Tamil Nadu from 2015–2016 to
date in Tamil Nadu. The list of beneficiaries from all the districts was collected from the Micro Irrigation
(MI) Management Information System. From each district, 60 farmers were randomly chosen and data
collected from 2,220 respondents across 37 districts and were analyzed using the problem confrontation
index to identify the constraints. The constraints were categorized into technical, infrastructural, financial,
knowledge-based, and climate/geographical issues. The most critical technical challenge identified was
the clogging of drippers, followed by frequent maintenance and lack of skilled technical expertise to solve
technical issues. Poor post-sale services and unavailability of spare parts rank highest among infrastructural
constraints, impacting the sustainability of the systems. Financial burdens, such as high maintenance
costs and expensive water-soluble fertilizers, also significantly affect farmers, making it challenging for
small-scale farmers to adopt and maintain these systems. Lack of training and knowledge about system
operation was a significant knowledge barrier, highlighting the need for more hands on demonstrations and
expert consultations. Furthermore, environmental factors such as unsuitable soils in saline areas and high
temperatures contribute to the reduced durability of the MI systems. Topographical challenges also made
it difficult to install MI effectively in uneven terrains. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted
approach, including targeted technical support, improved post sales services, affordable financial assistance,
and climate adapted system designs. Expanding training programs and providing better access to spare parts
and technical expertise will enhance the adoption and long-term success of MI in Tamil Nadu.